Hp envy vs pavilion 2019. Explore features, performance, and value.
Hp envy vs pavilion 2019 Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. 6" Full HD IPS Touchscreen Laptop, Intel Quad Core i7-8550U, 12GB DDR4 Memory, USB-C, Bluetooth, WiFi, Backlit Keyboard, Windows 10, Silver (256GB SSD+1TB HDD). Open the lid, and you'll find an interior that resembles We put the HP Pavilion 13 (2021) to the test against the ENVY 13 to find out which laptop is best for you. Gamers want to know that their gaming laptops can get along well with their favorite accessories, components, and VR tech. HP Envy vs Pavilion: Processor (CPU) The HP Envy series features powerful Intel processors. For instance, the HP Pavilion x360 weighs only 3. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s HP Pavilion x360 VS HP ENVY 13 Key Specs HP Pavilion x360 1E0Q6EA HP ENVY 13-aq0000na Processor: Intel Core i3 10th Gen. Motherboard. 30-inch 13. Comparisons. Meanwhile, the HP Pavilion G6 scored six. Name. 49 out of 100. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Mobile Workstations . It also has newer, faster Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Another value that we use for comparing the weights of the laptops is the Weight per Inch of Screen, which is calculated by dividing the total weight of the model with its usable diagonal screen size. The convertible laptop features a full-size, elegant natural silver keyboard with a touchpad for use in its HP Pavilion Vs Envy screen quality – The Envy wins! Keyboard & Touchpad. If you’re a professional who needs to be on the go and requires a sleek and powerful portable laptop, HP Envy would be the clear recommendation. English Edition. Laptops; 2-in-1s; Mobile Workstations; See all Laptops Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. HP Pavilion 15 (2023) vs ENVY x360 13 (2022) 42 out of 100. A natural silver anodised aluminium keyboard frame provides stability The HP ENVY Laptop 17-da0097nr and the HP Spectre x360 2-in-1 Laptop 16-aa0097nr are both incredible computers with the power to take your gaming to the next level. Smartphones; Tablets; Laptops; CPU; Graphics Cards; SoC; Rankings. Send. FEATURES [1] Multi-core is designed to improve the performance Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. These lower-cost systems come in a wide array of colors and sizes In terms of weight, both models are portable, but the Pavilion series tends to be lighter compared to the ENVY laptops. Write your opinion about the comparison of HP ENVY 13 and Pavilion 13 (2021) or ask any questions. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Mobile Workstations Pavilion vs HP Envy 1. Which Laptop is Right for Me? A Buyer's Guide. Compare HP® ENVY, OMEN, Pavilion, Spectre, and Victus laptops. See more The main difference between HP Envy vs Pavilion is that the Envy laptops have better processors, better battery life, and even better GPUS, but the Pavilion laptops are quite The HP Pavilion x360 ek1012na comes in a sleek, lightweight silver case crafted from sustainable recycled ocean-bound and post-consumer plastics. 51 kg. AMD Ryzen 5. 2019 Articles; 2018 Articles; Recommended articles. Once you’re up to speed on these two sought-after laptop products, we’ll review four recommended models on the HP UK Store. For build quality, the HP Spectre x360 is much better than the Envy x360 you can also find Pavilion x360 - we are talking about SPECS and BUILD here about plastics and metals about wood and gold. 14t-dq200 HP Envy Laptops and 2-in-1 PCs HP Pavilion Laptops and 2-in-1 PCs HP Laptop 14t-ee000 Unlock new AI experiences HP ENVY vs. The keys travel well and provide great tactile feedback, which provides an enjoyable typing experience. HP Envy Laptops and 2-in-1 PCs HP Pavilion Laptops and 2-in-1 PCs Desktops vs. Pavilion Laptops: HP ENVY Vs Pavilion Laptops Which Is Best for You. HP Pavilion vs. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Mobile Workstations HP ENVY Vs Pavilion Laptops Which Is Best for You. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s The Envy and Spectre product families—spread variably across laptops, desktops, and printers—represent some of HP's best hardware. key specs Display size 13. The HP ENVY 39. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Mobile Workstations Find here comparison of HP Envy x360 13 (2020) vs HP Spectre x360 13 (2019) Laptops on the basis of Screen Size, Storage, Processor, RAM, Reviews, Ratings and others with full specifications at Gadgets 360. This value for the HP Pavilion Aero 13 is 0. For example, larger 17-inch display models like the HP ENVY 17t laptop aren’t quite thin enough, but in this case, it’s a fraction of an inch that prevents it from ultrabook classification. Plus, with a competitive starting price, great hardware options, and convertibility, When comparing HP ENVY vs HP Spectre lines, you’ll note that both have options for the standard laptop model and a 2-in-1 device. The HP OMEN Transcend can withstand bumps better, thanks to the sturdy casing. 03 lbs. Motherboard Specifications. Better still, you can buty 2 machines and compare. These clamshell laptops tend to have more memory and better graphics cards. Motherboard Specifications Link. Shop by product type. In either case, HP has the perfect option. HP ENVY vs. Therefore, the HP ENVY 15 scores an eight in this HP ENVY vs Pavilion memory performance comparison. 77 kgs, the HP Pavilion x360 2-in-1 Laptop (14-ek1009TU) weighs lower at 1. When it comes to weight, the clamshell portion of the Envy line does skew a bit toward the heavy side, with the biggest 17-inch models weighing around 5. Well, come to a store and yoy can see the differences. Evaluation of HP Pavilion 15 (2023) and ENVY x360 13 (2022) important HP ProBook 450 G8 vs ENVY x360 13 (2021) 35 out of 100. HP is one of the leading computer brands in the world and it has many computer product lines, including Envy, Pavilion, Spectre, Omen, etc. Display: A bright, high-resolution touch screen is essential 2019 Articles; 2018 Articles; Recommended articles. Includes 12th Generation Intel® Core i5 processor and Intel® Iris® Xᵉ Graphics. 512 GB PCIe® NVMe™ M. Beta. The HP ENVY x360 is a true portable powerhouse that boasts up to 9 hours and 15 minutes of battery life and ENERGY STAR® certification. Battery Life: Aim for at least 8 hours of real-world use to last through a full day of classes. HP ENVY x360 13 (2021) Please select specific configurations for the laptops to get a more accurate comparative review Display: 1920 x 1080: CPU: RAM: Storage: Review. HP Pavilion 15 (2023) HP ENVY x360 13 (2022) Please select specific configurations for the laptops to get a more accurate comparative review Display: 1920 x 1200: CPU: RAM: Storage: Review. Processor Type. Read More. HP ENVY x360 15 (Ryzen) vs Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. Since they have HP has several gaming laptops. HP ENVY 13. The laptops in the Envy lineup also have distinct features like fingerprint sensors, webcam shutters, and built-in privacy features. 08 kg/inch. Pavilion Laptops: Which is Best for You? Read More. Laptops vs. 96 lbs, while the HP ENVY x360 tips the scales at 4. The convertible laptop features a full-size, elegant natural silver keyboard with a touchpad for use in its Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. com India for HP Pavilion 35. 6 cm Laptop 14-dv2019TU - Gold (6C683PA). Please select specific configurations for the laptops to We put the HP Pavilion 15 (2023) to the test against the ENVY 13 to find out which laptop is best for you. HP Pavilion 15 (2023) vs ENVY x360 13 (2021) 42 out of 100. Portability: Consider weight and dimensions, especially if you’ll be carrying it around campus all day. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Hi, You've got few questions about those products. Laptop The HP Pavilion All-in-One 27-ca2000 is a sleek and powerful desktop solution for those seeking both performance and style. The ENVY x360 has a sturdier all-metal build, a more comfortable keyboard, a larger and more responsive touchpad, and a better 1440p webcam. 3-inch Envy 17. Desktop Processors; In either case, HP has the perfect option. HP may impose a purchase quantity limit (for example, 3 Introducing 2019's HP, crafted with care and Pavilion Flagship 15. Explore features, performance, and value. This 2-in-1 laptop offers the flexibility to switch between laptop and tablet modes, making it ideal for both work and entertainment. Processors HP Pavilion laptops have powerful and latest Intel Core processors, which is why gaming, video streaming, and multitasking The HP ENVY x360 15 (2023) and the HP Pavilion x360 14 (2021) are both 2-in-1 Windows laptops; however, the ENVY is a higher-end device and, thus, provides a better user experience and performance. Pavilion Laptops: Offers subject to change, not combinable with all other offers, and exclusions may apply, while supplies last. HP Envy x360 Intel Core Ultra 5 Touchscreen 2-in-1 Laptop (16GB, 512GB SSD In May 2024, HP announced a complete rebranding of its lineup going forward, with every series (such as Spectre, Envy, and Pavilion) being replaced by the OmniBook series. Save up to 74% on select HP business PCs which ensure your data, identity, and devices are safeguarded against cyber threats, FREE shipping storewide. Not only are Pavilion laptops generally lighter and thinner, but all HP Pavilion Aero laptops have been specially designed to be extra light and weigh less than 1 kg, making them easy to carry. In the dynamic world of digital art, having the best drawing laptop is crucial for bringing creative visions to life. The convertible laptop features a full-size, elegant natural silver keyboard with a touchpad for use in its December 9, 2019. Head-to-Head: Pavilion vs Envy. 5 pounds, and the smaller 16-inch models Not all HP ENVY laptops technically meet the strict ultrabook standards. Where the HP ENVY range has previously covered every major laptop size, the latest generation of clamshell designs is limited to just 16- and 17-inch models. Evidently, the HP Envy 15 outperforms the HP Pavilion G6 in terms of memory-specific performance. A natural silver anodised aluminium keyboard frame provides stability and complements the case colour. Evaluation of HP Pavilion 15 (2023) and ENVY x360 13 (2021) important Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. Laptops; 2-in-1s; Mobile Workstations; See all Laptops In summary, while both HP Envy and Pavilion Desktops are reliable and capable machines, their target audiences differ significantly. HP ENVY vs Spectre Laptops: Which Premium Line Is Right for You? HP ENVY vs. Please select specific configurations for the laptops to Find here comparison of HP Envy x360 13 (2020) vs HP Pavilion X360 Laptops on the basis of Screen Size, Storage, Processor, RAM, Reviews, Ratings and others with full specifications at Gadgets 360. The Best-Selling PC Games by Year. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s The HP Pavilion x360 Convertible combines versatility and performance in a sleek package, exemplifying the quality and innovation found in an HP laptop. The Envy line is for users requiring top-tier performance and build, whereas the Pavilion line meets the needs of the average consumer looking for value and general-purpose use. Reading time: 11 minutes. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s We put the HP Pavilion x360 14 (2021) to the test against the ENVY 14 (2021) to find out which laptop is best for you. Envy, as you probably know, is HP's upscale-but-not-deluxe brand, positioned above its Pavilion PCs but below its Spectre models. Some people want to know about HP Envy vs Pavilion. ¿Qué hace que estas laptops destaquen? Características de HP Pavilion: Diseño multifuncional: Desde laptops clamshell estándar hasta modelos 2 en 1 y ultra livianos, Pavilion ofrece una variedad de opciones para adaptarse a tus For instance, while the HP ENVY x360 2-in-1 Laptop (15-fe0011TX) weighs 1. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. We put the HP Pavilion Aero 13 to the test against the ENVY 13 to find out which laptop is best for you. 24 months special financing on purchases of HP Envy vs. Message. The HP Pavilion x360 Convertible combines versatility and performance in a sleek package, exemplifying the quality and innovation found in an HP laptop. We put the HP Pavilion 14 (2021) to the test against the ENVY 13 to find out which laptop is best for you. HP ENVY vs Pavilion: Storage Options and Performance HP Envy vs. 6 cm 14-ew0114TU laptops feature 16GB LPDDR5 RAM, which is faster and more power-efficient than the older DDR4 variant. HP Pavilion 14 (2021) HP ENVY 14 (2021) Please select specific configurations for the laptops to get a more accurate comparative review Display CPU: GPU: Intel Iris Xe Graphics G7 (80EU) RAM: Storage Echoing the look of its predecessor, this 2019 Envy 13 has a sleek, silver-metal frame with a stylish chrome HP logo centered on the lid. A standard laptop can be a good choice if you plan to use your computer solely for work purposes or gaming. We put the HP ENVY x360 15 (Ryzen) to the test against the Apple MacBook Pro 16 (2019) to find out which laptop is best for you. Exploring today’s technology for tomorrow’s possibilities. HP ENVY: Premium mainstream laptops with a focus on performance and style at a more accessible price point. When you’re in the market for a new laptop, choosing between HP’s Pavilion and Envy series can be tricky. Home > Laptop comparison > Pavilion 15 (2023) or ENVY 13 – what's better? HP Pavilion 15 (2023) vs ENVY 13. Find the perfect HP laptop for your needs at the HP® Store. HP ENVY x360 15 (Ryzen) vs HP Pavilion x360 14 (2021) 8. What is the difference between Apple MacBook Air (2020) 13. Find here comparison of HP Pavilion x360 2021 vs HP Envy x360 Laptops on the basis of Screen Size, Storage, Processor, RAM, Reviews, Ratings and others with full specifications at Gadgets 360. This 2-in-1 laptop offers the flexibility to switch between laptop and tablet modes, making it ideal for both work Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. The HP ENVY x360 15 (2023) and the HP Pavilion x360 14 (2021) are both 2-in-1 Windows laptops; however, the ENVY is a higher-end device and, thus, provides a better user experience and performance. Data about your interaction with this site and the Compare HP® ENVY, OMEN, Pavilion, Spectre, and Victus laptops. Both display resolutions are bright, have great viewing angles and sharpness. OmniBook is actually a Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. HP ENVY x360 2-in-1 Laptop 16-ad0097nr: Best Premium Large-Screen 2 Based on PCs and displays from 2019 through 2022 using recycled metal, plastic, and fiber. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s HP ENVY Vs Pavilion Laptops Which Is Best for You. Winner: HP Envy. Erica6. Memory. 99; $1,199. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s October 2, 2019 Reading time: 7 minutes There are numerous reasons to invest in a brand-new computer monitor. HP Envy: Verdict. 64 lbs) Around 86% better multi-core Comparison of HP Envy 17 and HP Pavilion 15 based on specifications, reviews and ratings. 3GHz / 8GB RAM / 256GB SSD? Find out which is better and their overall performance in the laptop ranking. To know their differences, you should know their specs These results leave no doubt that the HP ENVY 15 is far superior to the HP Pavilion G6 in terms of memory performance. Available in standard clamshell and 2-in-1 convertible models. HP Pavilion 15 (2023) HP ENVY 13. 3-inch Envy 13 to the roomy 17. Each line has strengths and weaknesses HP ENVY vs. 48 out of 100. The new Envy x360 13-inch models HP Pavilion vs Envy Specs; HP Pavilion vs Envy: Which Is Better? HP Pavilion vs Envy Specs. Featuring a large 27-inch diagonal FHD (1920 x 1080) IPS display, this all-in-one desktop offers clear and vibrant visuals, with a three-sided micro-edge design and anti-glare technology for comfortable viewing. The Envy 13’s quad-core Core i7-8565U(Whiskey Lake) processor is used. Tablet laptops, which are also called convertibles or 2-in-1 laptops, are in essence two PCs for the price of one. Home > Laptop comparison > Pavilion 14 (2021) or ENVY 13 – what's better? HP Pavilion 14 (2021) vs ENVY 13. For digital artists and illustrators, a high-quality touch screen laptop has become an indispensable tool, offering the perfect blend of portability and power. The HP Envy has a full-size keyboard with well-spaced keys. VS. Backlit vs Non-Backlit Keyboard: Why Do You Need a Backlit Keyboard? Read More. . With an HP OMEN, you can smoothly see fast-moving images thanks to the 144Hz refresh rate. They both come with an Intel® Core™ Ultra 7 In either case, HP has the perfect option. Even in the case of storage comparison between HP Envy vs Pavilion, the HP Envy series is ahead of the curve even though SSDs are still a relatively new technology in the market for mainstream laptops. Laptops; 2-in-1s; Mobile Workstations; See all Laptops The HP Pavilion x360 ek1012na comes in a sleek, lightweight silver case crafted from sustainable recycled ocean-bound and post-consumer plastics. Back to Business Sale. 8. 6 cm x360 2-in-1 15-fe0028TU and the HP Pavilion Plus 35. 3 in Screen Size, 1920 x 1080 RAM: Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. 42 out of 100. Graphics capabilities are another area where the ENVY series often outshines the Pavilion lineup. Pavilion Laptops: Which is Best for You? Read More How to Turn Keyboard Lighting On and Off on HP Laptops Read More We put the HP Pavilion x360 14 (2021) to the test against the ENVY x360 13 (2021) to find out which laptop is best for you. Pavilion Laptops: Laptop Comparison Guide: Types Chromebook FAQs: What You Need to This shift has sparked interest in understanding the core differences between the HP Pavilion vs Envy laptop series, and determining which might be the better choice, especially as Envy models remain available in India while the Pavilion is being phased out globally. HP Pavilion Desktop TP01-2019 PC. This post will provide a side-by-side laptop comparison of our two most popular series for students: the HP Pavilion vs ENVY. The Envy series is home to the company's mid-range to HP ENVY Vs Pavilion Laptops Which Is Best for You. Phones Laptops CPU GPU SoC. In fact, AMD Ryzen is a trusted brand for eSports teams across the globe, and some of the most competitive players trust the brand for Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. Even if the Ryzen name is new to you, it’s definitely not an unknown in the field of gaming. 12 GB memory; 512 GB SSD storage. 3" Apple M1 / 8GB RAM / 512GB SSD and HP Envy x360 13 (2020) AMD Ryzen 5 4500U 2. HP may impose a purchase quantity limit (for example, 3 units per order). Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Envy, as you probably know, is HP's upscale-but-not-deluxe brand, positioned above its Pavilion PCs but below its Spectre models. Evaluation of HP ProBook 450 G8 and ENVY x360 13 (2021) important characteristics HP Pavilion 14 (2021) vs ENVY 14 (2021) 39 out of 100. 'True Premium' HP's Envy sub-brand covers a wider range of products than the Spectre line does, in terms of both price and category variety. The latest generation HP Envy laptopscan be divided in two main design categories: traditional clamshell laptops (HP Envy) and 2-in-1 laptops (HP Envy x360). Let’s dive into a comprehensive review of the HP Pavilion x360 and explore its Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. Can run popular games at about 43-59% higher FPS Around 59% better multi-core CPU performance in the Cinebench R23 test Features a much Difference Between HP Pavilion and HP Envy We will look at the different features of both series and see how they compare. 10 Best HP Laptops for Minecraft. Display: 14 in Screen Size, 1920 x 1080 Display: 13. – Storage. It also has newer, faster 2019 Articles; 2018 Articles; Recommended articles. We would prefer if the up and down keys were bigger, but this is no big issue (if you pardon the pun). 2 SSD. 99 as Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. Here are some of the best performing laptops in this area: HP ENVY Vs Pavilion Laptops Which Is Best for You. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Mobile Workstations Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. While Pavilion laptops typically rely on integrated graphics Display. The ENVY brand offers a blend of performance and premium features. We and our partners use cookies to give you the best online experience, including to personalise advertising and content. Both lineups offer a range of options, but they cater In either case, HP has the perfect option. Please select specific configurations for the laptops to Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. The HP Envy can have a 13 inch, 15-inch or 17-inch display. 99 as Shop HP. HP Pavilion 15 (2023) HP ENVY x360 13 (2021) Please select specific configurations for the laptops to get a more accurate comparative review Display: 1920 x 1080: CPU: RAM: Storage: Review. It has a TDP (Thermal Development Power) of 35 watts and can be HP ENVY Vs Pavilion Laptops Which Is Best for You. 30-inch Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. HP Pavilion Aero 13. Processor: Intel Core i5 8th Gen. Top 7 Ways to Use a Digital Pen with Your Laptop. " They are simply named HP + model number. HP ProBook 450 G8. In comparison, this value for the HP ENVY 13 is 0. 10 kg/inch. An HP Victus has a refresh rate up to 165Hz, so you can enjoy smooth images while you game. Internal Storage. You can think of the new Envy 13 (starts at $749. 12 GB DDR4-3200 MHz RAM (1 x 4 GB, 1 x 8 GB) Memory & Storage. The least expensive HP laptops lack an official sub-brand, like "Pavilion" or "Envy. Pavilion Laptops: Which is Best for You? Read More Laptop Buying Guide: How to Choose the Right HP Laptop Read More Read More HP just announced a whole family of refreshed Envy laptops this week ranging from the small 13. Home > Laptop comparison > Pavilion Aero 13 or ENVY 13 – what's better? HP Pavilion Aero 13 vs ENVY 13. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Compared to a gaming laptop, the HP Pavilion x360 may lack the high-end processors and memory but offers the essential features like a touch display and portability that artists need. HP Spectre: Ultra-premium, flagship laptops emphasizing cutting-edge design, premium materials, and top-tier specs. HP Spectre: 'Mainstream Fancy' vs. Laptop Buying Guide: How to Choose the Right HP Laptop. La línea de laptops HP Pavilion es conocida por ofrecer opciones versátiles y asequibles para una amplia variedad de usuarios. Can run popular games at about 96-131% higher FPS Easier to carry: weighs 290 grams less (around 0. And the resolution is either Full HD (1920 x 1080) or 4K (3840 x 2160) touch or non-touch. 51 out of 100. 5. The Discover the best fit for UK students in our detailed comparison of HP Pavilion and HP ENVY laptop series. Laptops Discover the range Home Business Gaming Shop by product type Laptops 2-in-1s Mobile Workstations February 19, 2019 Reading time: 9 minutes In the market for a new HP laptop but unsure which one to pick? HP ENVY vs. 47 out of 100. The HP Pavilion x360 ek1012na comes in a sleek, lightweight silver case crafted from sustainable recycled ocean-bound and post-consumer plastics. HP Pavilion 14 (2021) HP ENVY 13. With high-resolution displays, pressure-sensitive stylus support, and powerful components, the Performance: Look for processors that can handle multitasking, such as recent Intel Core or AMD Ryzen chips. 39 out of 100. wkhuzpx jlvxj obg zfclv opjsw ysloxf lntk kxizc hzjrjw duaby